An Innovative Twist to Restoration
At three Oak Ridges Moraine Land Trust properties in Northumberland County, we are using a science-based and adaptive approach to revive a rare, natural ecosystem.
Rather than simply planting trees, this method begins by restoring the full ecological foundation. Using seed-based restoration, a diverse mix of native grasses, wildflowers, and shrubs is established first, reactivating soil biology, improving soil structure, stabilizing sandy soils, and creating the biodiverse conditions needed to support long-term ecosystem health.
Stage 1
We start with seed-based restoration to grow a native groundcover using a diverse mix of grasses, sedges, wildflowers and shrubs. We have sourced more than 70 species from the wild and seed orchard using species lists from reference ecosystems and expert opinion.
Stage 2
With the groundcover established, a high-density Pine-Oak forest with scattered openings is planted to mimic natural, post-wildfire ecological conditions. We plant trees more densely than pine plantations to more closely emulate natural post-fire regeneration.
The openings are favoured by Kirtland’s Warblers for nesting and are used by many other wildlife such as pollinators and birds like Common Nighthawks. Targeted planting of shrubs such as New Jersey Tea in the openings also benefits Mottled Duskywing butterflies.
Stage 3
After the property management planning, collecting, growing, cleaning and spreading seeds, growing, sourcing, and planting and trees and shrubs, it will likely be 4 to 6 years before Kirtland’s Warblers will consider settling to nest.
In the meantime, these large restored natural ecosystems significantly enhance local biodiversity and ecological services. We will also adaptively manage the sites by monitoring vegetation community development and controlling invasive species like European Buckthorn, Black Locust, Dog-strangling Vine and Autumn Olive.
This work is being led through the Ontario Kirtland’s Warbler Working Group, a collaborative, bi-national partnership of leading experts in restoration ecology, forestry, and species recovery. Together, they are implementing a pioneering model for habitat creation that directly addresses one of the greatest challenges in conservation today: the loss of suitable habitat. By rebuilding these ecosystems at scale, this approach is not only supporting species recovery, but also enhancing biodiversity, increasing climate resilience, preserving the water table and creating a connected network of thriving natural landscapes for the future.
